Part 1 — Lessons (34)
1. The Water Cycle
Water moves around our world again and again in the water cycle:
- Evaporation — the Sun heats water and turns it into vapour that rises.
- Condensation — the vapour cools high up and forms clouds.
- Precipitation — the clouds get heavy and the water falls as rain.
The rain fills rivers and the sea, and the cycle starts again.
2. Producers, Consumers and Food Chains
Where does energy come from?
Almost all energy in an ecosystem starts with the Sun. Green plants use sunlight to make food. Because they make their own food, plants are called producers.
Animals cannot make their own food, so they eat plants or other animals. They are called consumers.
A food chain shows how energy passes along: grass → goat → human. The arrow always points to the one that eats.
3. Parts of a Plant and Their Jobs
Each part of a plant has a job:
- Roots — take in water and hold the plant in the ground.
- Stem — carries water and food, and holds the plant up.
- Leaves — make food using sunlight.
- Flower — makes seeds for new plants.
4. Food Chains
A food chain shows how living things get energy by eating each other.
It starts with a plant (a producer). For example: grass → grasshopper → lizard → bird.
The arrows show the way the energy moves — from the food to the eater.
5. The Water Cycle (Picture)
The Sun heats the sea and water rises as vapour (evaporation). High up it cools into clouds (condensation) and falls as rain.
The rain fills the rivers and sea, and the whole cycle happens again and again.